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Published in 2011. The enterprise modeling field aims at representing organizations from several, inter-related perspectives. A number of enterprise modeling frameworks have been developed providing models, methods and tools that enable to communicate the structure and processes of organizations. These frameworks have been used both for systems development and organizational analysis ends, where the latter mainly focuses process (re)design efforts. We ... Much time is lost, in organizations, in the handling of unknown exceptions because organizational models are not current or coherent with reality and there is a lack of concepts and methods in organizational engineering (OE), for a continuous and timely update of models of organizational reality. To address these problems, a renowned methodology for OE -- DEMO (Design and Engineering Methodology ... Functional decomposition breaks down a business process into a set of progressively more detailed activities. It facilitates the modular design of a system, the reuse of its parts and also contributes to increasing its comprehensibility. But achieving these qualities requires a business process to be decomposed consistently. Separation of concerns is the principle of separating a system into distinct features ... In a layered service-oriented enterprise architecture, business processes are supported by application services which are, in turn, supported by technological services. Service-orientation promotes the reuse and modular design of information systems. But achieving these design qualities requires the business processes of an organization to be consistently decomposed so that their supporting services can be effectively identified. This paper ... Published in 2010. We propose an extension for the Design and Engineering Methodology for Organizations – DEMO – to support organization and model change dynamics: the ontological model of the generic G.O.D. organization, considered to exist in every organization and being responsible for the Generation, Operationalization and Discontinuation of organization artifacts – e.g., actor role pizza deliverer – as a consequence of the process ... Published in 2010. Organizations deal with contrasting domains such as people, strategy, business processes, and information systems as well as with their representation, alignment and governance. In this setting, different approaches to enterprise architecture have been introduced to address these concerns. This paper focuses on describing an enterprise architecture framework centered in three core concepts (role, entity and activity) from which domain-specific ... Published in 2009. Published in 2008. This paper presents a basic set of modeling primitives with the purpose of enabling the construction of semantically rich and coherently integrated organizational models, in the context of enterprise engineering and architecture. This set, called "semantic bootstrap for organizational modeling", is being operationalized through the use of a semantic wiki. This tool's paradigm has a number of key advantages ... Dominated by the behavioral science approach for a long time, information systems research increasingly acknowledges design science as a complementary approach. The systematic design of artifacts is not restricted to information systems components. Being the conceptual foundations for information systems requirements, artifacts on the strategic and organizational levels have to be engineered as well. Published in 2008. Business activities within the organization are performed by a number of human or automated actors. For the organization to adapt to internal or external changes it must be able to understand how and why actors are related to and assigned to processes. This requires a consistent representation of the services required by the organization's processes and those provided by ... Published in 2007. Enterprise modeling, commonly supported by enterprise architecture frameworks, has proved to be an effective communication tool that facilitates the development of applications aligned with the business. These modeling frameworks are concerned with organization's design rather than its actual implementation. We argue that modeling the actual implementation of organizations can be a valuable communication tool not only for systems development ... Organizational models produced within computer science fields have proved to be effective communication tools in developing shared understandings of the design of organizations and systems. We argue that these models can also be valuable in capturing the actual implementation of organizations. However, this kind of usage requires the development of enterprise representations that (1) acknowledge the complexity of organizations and ... Published in 2007. Published in 2006. Finding suitable actors to perform specific activities is a common problem in knowledge-oriented organizations. To address this problem, this paper outlines the concepts required to represent organizational actor's skills and the services that are required by business process activities. These concepts are used within a marketplace-based model that enables dynamically managing actors and activities according to competence ... Dominated by the behavioral science approach for a long time, information systems research increasingly acknowledges design science as a complementary approach. The systematic design of artifacts is not restricted to information systems components. Being the conceptual foundations for information systems requirements, artifacts on the strategic and organizational level have to be engineered as well. Although there have been great advances in business process modeling as a means to better understand and control organizations and improve the development of information systems, the existence of functions - like IT, logistics, financial, etc. - is an inescapable reality in organizations, that strongly influences aspects like change processes, or the formation of organizational units, even if a culture of "process ... Despite the availability of several task and personal information management tools, an appropriate support to human multitasking at work is still lacking. Supporting multitasking behavior entails capturing and modeling this behavior. In this paper, we refine an approach to model multitasking behavior in organizations, through an ontology based on two interrelated primitives; action and interaction contexts. The main contributions of ... Business process modeling focus on describing how activities interact with other business objects while sustaining the organization's strategy. Business objects are object-oriented representations of organizational concepts, such as resources and actors, which collaborate with one another in order to achieve business goals. These objects exhibit different behavior according to each specific collaboration context. This means the perception of ... While performing knowledge driven tasks, people at organizations spend time searching the required support information. In order to effectively support knowledge driven tasks, information should be timely and proactively provided to its consumers according to its usage context and patterns. In this paper we define the concepts of action and interaction contexts. More specifically, we define action context as the ... Business objects are object-oriented representations of the concepts of interest in an organization, such as activities, resources and actors. Business objects collaborate with one another in order to achieve business goals, showing different behavior and properties according to each specific collaboration context. This means the same business object may be perceived differently depending on the business objects it is ... Published in 2005. Published in 2005. Information system (IS) architectures have not paid enough attention to integration in the past because integration was not important to build ISs from scratch. However, with the variety and number of ISs in medium/large organizations increasing, including ERP systems, the need for integration is bigger than ever. Furthermore, most organizations now want to integrate their ISs with those belonging ... This paper presents a research project that aims at creating a methodology for evaluating IS/IT Projects in the Portuguese Health Care System. This project is being jointly developed by the Center for Organizational Engineering and a task force from Saúde XXI, the Portuguese Health Operational Program. In order to create a framework on which to base project evaluation, the... In nowadays business competitive world, the organizations need to have some integrated and accurate representation of its business processes and information systems to allow fast responses to activities like business process reengineering, information systems requirements capture and quality systems implementation, etc. The frequency and importance of this kind of activities is rising up. Unfortunately, the maintenance of this representation is ... Published in 2004. Published in 2003. Published in 2003. Published in 2003. Business processes modeling became a fundamental task for organizations. To model business processes is necessary to know all the activities as well as consumed and produced informational resources. From this knowledge, abstractions are constructed, which allow elaborating a high- level business process model. This modeling process, which goes from the survey of the activities of the organizational units to the ... In order to continuously improve its knowledge and to identify problems and possible solutions, an organization requires understanding the way business is aligned with the organizational strategy and how information systems are supporting the business. This paper presents a framework for describing and associating organizational concepts at multiple levels of detail using three separate areas of concerns: goals and strategy, ... This paper focuses the reasons and advantages of the application of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) in organizationa l architecture modeling. A presentation and description of the methodology to apply business modeling is made, namely, the organization of the modeling in views and the application of those views. A case study is presented, as an illustration. In today's highly competitive global economy, the demand for high quality products manufactured at low costs with shorter cycle times has forced various industries to consider new product design, manufacturing and management strategies. To fulfill these requirements organizations have to become process-centered so they can maximize the efficiency of their value chain. The concept of business process is ... This paper introduces advances to the topic of business goal modeling. The major guidelines to the presented work are the increasing of representational power of goal models, the introduction of goal achievement indicators and the development of a methodology for capturing goals and associating them with business processes. Increased representational power on goal models can be gained by introducing management ... This paper focuses on the representation of business strategy through goal modeling. Traditional approaches to goal modeling focus on capturing the business goals into an accurate representation. Business goals originate from the vision and strategy of the company being modeled. By restraining to model the business goals, traditional approached often fail to capture the meaning of goals and the managers' ... Published in 2000. A scheme is discussed for long-term prediction in CELP (code-excited linear predictive) coding using fractional delay prediction. This technique permits a more accurate representation of voiced speech and achieves an improvement of synthetic quality for female speakers. The higher complexity of this type of predictor relative to the classical one is its major disadvantage. Suboptimal schemes in which ... A harmonic coder designed for operation at 4.8 kb/s is presented. Sinusoidal modeling of speech is reviewed and the use of harmonically related frequencies is extended to unvoiced and transition regions. The estimation of the fundamental frequency with emphasis on the fine tuning of the pitch estimates is discussed. The structure of the 4.8-kbit/s harmonic ... Published in 1989. The introduction of vector quantization in the harmonic coder framework can affect several sets of parameters, namely the amplitudes and the phases of the harmonic coefficients. A systematic experimental study is reported in which this type of quantization is compared with traditional scalar techniques for quantizing the harmonic parameters. The experiments showed that it is possible to quantize voice speech ... Two of the coding methods which have appeared recently, attempting to solve the problem of high quality speech coding at bit rates below 9.6 kbits/sec are harmonic and stochastic coding. The two represent distinct approaches to this problem and yield synthetic speech of a very different kind. In this paper, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both ... Multipulse LPC, as is often designated the model proposed by Atal and Remae, has been directed towards 9.6 kb/s speech coding. However, at such bit rate, the speech quality is not yet generally acceptable. This paper has a double purpose - one is to investigate the role of short-time phase in multipulse LPC. The other is to look ... This paper deals with the problems associated with full-duplex scrambled speech communications over analog two-wire telephone networks. The goal is not to describe particular scrambling systems or methods, but to analyze the situation in which the two users speak at the same time and each should hear the other. Current telephone scrambling devices preclude this feature. A general ... The area of Spectral Analysis has grown considerably in recent years. A multitude of methods are now available and yet no tools have been developed to guide the naïve user in the difficult process of choosing an adequate technique for his particular data problem. The purpose of this paper is to address, within a very general framework, the problem of... The main purpose of this paper is to present a novel model for voiced speech. The classical model, which is being used in many applications, assumes local stationarity, and consequently imposes a simple and well known line structure to the short-time spectrum of voiced speech. The model derived in this paper allows for local non-stationarities not only in ... This paper addresses the ARMA spectral estimation problem, using as starting point, the Double Levinson Recursion Formulation proposed by Carayannis and al. in 1980 , to compute the AR parameters of an ARMA model. A theoretical analysis of the Double Levinson Recursion Formulation led to the derivation of a theorem from which the correct AR and MA orders may be computed. ... Pole/zero modelling of speech has - been investigated for many years, yet the techniques developed so far have not proven satisfactory for most speech processing applications. Often these techniques separate the modelling problem in two: first and attempt is made to estimate the vocal tract impulse response; then an ARMA model is fit to such impulse response. The purpose of ... Prediction plays a key role in many signal processing applications. Linear Prediction has, in particular, been extremely useful to the development of digital speech processing techniques and applications. There is however a growing need for improved forms of prediction. We discuss, in this paper, a form of non-linear prediction, namely, the prediction of the phase of speech signals. This ... The purpose of this paper is to describe a scheme for low-bit-rate transmission of speech. The scheme consists of a cascade of a codec with a post-processor. The codec is based on a modified version of the LPC Vocoder Driven Adaptive Transform Coding algorithm. The Post-Processor performs a short-time Fourier analysis/synthesis at the receiver ... The log likelihood measure has been widely used in speech research for comparing speech signals. Recently, it has been proposed as a measure for assessing the quality of coded speech. In this paper we present an interpretation of the log likelihood ratio measure within the theoretical framework of a waveform coder distortion model. We then discuss the implications of this ... The log likelihood measure has been widely used in speech recognition for comparing speech signals. Recently it has been proposed as a measure for assessing the quality of coded speech. In this paper we present an interpretation of the log likelihood ratio measure within the theoretical framework of a waveform coder distortion model. Frequency domain techniques for speech coding have recently received considerable attention. The basic concept of these methods is to divide the speech into frequency components by a filter bank (sub-band coding), or by a suitable transform (transform coding), and then encode them using adaptive PCM. Three basic factors are involved in the design of these coders: 1) the type ... Several distance measures have been proposed for comparing sets of LPC coefficients. The most popular one has been the "log likelihood ratio" proposed by Itakura [1]. In this paper we discuss this measure (strictly speaking, a somewhat generalized version of it) from both a theoretical and a practical point of view. We derive its statistical properties both when the reference ... Adaptive Transform coding techniques for speech communication have recently received considerable attention. The basic concept of these methods is to divide the speech into frequency components by a suitable transform and then encode them using adaptive PCM. Examples of designs and performance of adaptive transform coders will be presented for bit rates in the range of 8 to 16 kbs. A wide variety of distance measures for comparing sets of LPC coefficients have been proposed. The most popular one has been the log likelihood ratio test as proposed by Itakura [1]. Although this measure is both computationally efficient, and theoretically sound, de Souza, in a recent paper [2], found that the measured distribution of LPC distances was significantly different from ... v-youzha This paper presents the results of a pilot study comparing four different speech waveform coding techniques of varying complexity. Coder transmission rates of 24, 16, and 9.6 Kb/s were used in the experiment. Subjective ratings and objective measurements of quality are obtained and compared. A number of conclusions are drawn concerning the quality and complexity, of different coding ... J. Tribolet The use of homomorphic systems to deconvolve seismic reflection and teleseismic data has been proposed and explored by a number of researchers with varying success. A careful study of the methods employed reveals a number of problems involving both the class of characteristic systems used and their numerical implementation. Furthermore, the analysis strategies used introduce deterministic constraints on the estimation ... J. Tribolet A new phase unwrapping algorithm is proposed that combines the information contained in both the phase derivative and the principal value of the phase into an adaptive numerical integration scheme. This new algorithm has proven itself to be very reliable and it can be easily incorporated in standard homomorphic signal processors. Linear prediction is a generally accepted method for obtaining all-pole speech representations. However, in many situations (e.g., nasalization studies) spectral zeros are important and a more general modeling procedure is required. Unfortunately, the need for pitch synchronization has limited the success of available techniques. This paper explores a novel approach to pole-zero analysis, called homomorphic prediction, which ... Homomorphic deconvolution has been successfully applied in a variety of areas. In many cases of interest, including speech and seismic processing, the signals to be analyzed are non-stationary and approximately follow a convolutional model only on a short-time basis. Thus, a window is applied to the data. In this paper a first attempt is made to understand the ... Two commonly used signal analysis techniques are linear prediction and homomorphic filtering. Each has particular advantages and limitations. This paper considers several ways of combining these methods to capitalize on the advantages of both. The resulting techniques, referred to collectively as homomorphic prediction, are potentially useful for pole-zero modeling and inverse filtering of mixed phase signals. Two of these ... Abstract This paper ,builds on the ,capability of EAs to define ,the organization’s systems ,development environment,but places special emphasis ,on their ,power ,as communication, tools. The concept of Organizational Self-Awareness (OSA) is offered as the contextual framework,for the discussion. OSA isa process which involves, firstly, the efforts of the individual organizational member in getting to know his/... Organizational change can be regarded as a process that changes the state of the organization. This simple yet powerful idea is the ground basis for the work being presented in this paper. This original work brings a new dimension to business modeling: time. Looking at the organization as a dynamic entity that changes through time, allows us to reason over ... In this paper we refine an organizational model to describe the execution of business activities. The model offers a dynamic, actor--centered, context--based and business process oriented perspective of the organization that explicitly addresses information, cooperation and collaboration needs derived from human multi--tasking capabilities. This modeling approach aims to facilitate the design of collaboration services capable of providing ... Despite the availability of several task and personal information management tools, an appropriate support to human multitasking at work is still lacking. Supporting multitasking behavior entails capturing and modeling this behavior. In this paper, we refine an approach to model multitasking behavior in organizations, through an ontology based on two interrelated primitives; action and interaction contexts. The main contributions of ... The Portuguese Air Force is making an effort to looking at problems related to the inadequacy of information systems to help managers in attaining business objectives in rigid hierarchical structures. To solve the problem the Air Force initiated, in 2009, the (still ongoing) identification of its business processes in order to determine the organizational "AS IS" state, essential to determining ... In this paper we draw on concepts from the Design and Engineering Methodology for Organizations, and also from its theoretical foundations, to discuss our notions of Organizational Self-Awareness and ontological meta model. These are deemed as central notions to understand and present, in a clear and precise manner, solutions for our main research purpose: finding concepts and methods to ... Organizations not only play an increasingly active role in today’s society but also begin to address the everyday necessities and concerns of individuals. To achieve competitive advantage, it is becoming more and more necessary that organizations perform efficiently in order to survive. As organizations can be defined as a group of people who work together to obtain one or more ... In this paper we propose and discuss an organizational model to describe the execution of business activities. This model offers a dynamic, actor-centered, context-based and business process oriented perspective of the organization. The model explicitly addresses information and collaboration needs derived from human multi-tasking capabilities and aims to facilitate the design of systems for a personalized, proactive ... This chapter focuses on e-learning and its relationship with organizational knowledge dissemination. We argue this requires a holistic approach that involves business processes, people and systems to deliver knowledge required by organizaitions and its workforce in a timely and cost-effective manner. Organizations need to be adaptable and flexible to stay competitive, which is a challenge they face everyday. ...
The as-is business process model represents the operational view of the organizations. Its creation effort is associated with several business activities such as (1) requirements gathering to build information systems, (2) implementing quality management systems, (3) re-engineering activities and the improvement of business processes. However, even recognizing its importance in supporting these business activities, the business process model ... Granting the correct access between the agents and the artifacts is nowadays in the organizations agendas. The risk of allowing unauthorized accesses to critical information requires new solutions that are capable of dealing with a holistic perspective. Adaptive OACM refers to the capability of enforcing fine-grained access policies to business processes, services and information systems whenever facing changes, for ... This document focuses on information and all the dynamics associated with it, particularly in combination with one or more information systems. What happens to information when the information system that is responsible for it is disabled or disconnected or when essential tools for the organization depend on the information residing in information systems? A less careful analysis would say that ... Enterprise representations can be used to improve the organizational self-awareness, allowing the communication of knowledge about these concerns among different organizational actors. In order to achieve this goal, the model must provide an updated, trustworthy and reliable representation. However, the typical usage of the enterprise model is restricted to support some organizational activities for limited time intervals. The recognized ... In this paper we apply the Design and Engineering Methodology for Organizations (DEMO), to specify an ontological model for the generic Control Organization that we argue that exists in every organization. With our proposal, DEMO is extended so that we can specify critical properties of an organization – that we call measures – whose value must respect certain restrictions imposed by other ... There are several theories about how to frame the models of corporate governance according to different perspectives; there are advantages and disadvantages in the adoption of each of them. The more or less complete dimension when related to the scope of each model is also an important aspect in its use and disclosure. The EX and EX-ANTE-POST model ... Competency-based management i.e. linking and assigning work according to the competencies required, has been acknowledged as a key enabler of organizational effectiveness and highlights the importance of modeling organizational competencies. Whereas Enterprise Architectures (EA) model organizations from different perspectives that describe and inter-relate their processes and resources, most EA frameworks provide limited means to model competencies. Available ... Role-based business process modeling deals with separating the universe of process modeling into different areas of concern by describing how business objects relate to each other during collaborations. A business object represents a concept of interest within the organization, such as an activity or an actor. Business objects play multiple roles according to their behavior while collaborating with other ... We present and analyse a work experience, now in its fifth year, to help students in developi ng soft skills, through execution and reporting, during a p eriod of six semesters, of extra-curricular activities th at are validated and evaluated by the faculty and, in a ce rtain way, integrated in the curriculum throughout in the form of a '... The general organization of today results from a combination of elements that makes it a very complex entity, in which the operational and support dimensions should co-exist in a dynamic and constant balance, whose configuration must have flexible and adaptable mechanisms to the outside world. The operational dimension of the organization, in this context, performs a key role because ... Process orientation is a major concern nowadays. For this reason there have been great advances in business process modelling as means to better understand and promote organizational operations and evolution. However, organizational functions such as logistics, quality, finance, etc. still exist and strongly influence aspects like change processes, or the structuring of organizational units even if a “process culture” is ... Current enterprise modeling approaches allow representing organiza- tion's design. This paper describes a context-based approach to discover and represent issues of the organization's implementation, for analysis purposes. In particular, it addresses the discovery of personal contexts and elaboration of de- pictions of individual and inter-personal work practices from action reposito- ries. All representations are situated within ...
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